Generally, the first stage in crude oil extraction is digging a well to reach the reservoirs of oil under the ground. Historically, there are some oil wells in America where the oil reached the surface in a natural way. But most of these fields are carried out, with the exception of some limited places in Alaska.And often it is drilled numerous wells for the same warehouse, for economic extraction rate.
In some wells are pumping water, steam, or a mixture of different gases into the reservoir to maintain an economic extraction rate.
When increasing the pressure underground gas warehouse in order to be sufficient, then the oil starts to come out to the surface under the influence of this pressure.
The gaseous fuel or natural gas is often present under natural pressure underground. In this case, the pressure will be enough to put a number of valves on the well head to connect the well to a pipeline network for storage, and operations.
This is called the initial oil extraction. And only about 20% of the oil in the reservoir can be extracted in this way. (First phase) and during the lifetime of the well under pressure, and when the pressure at least to a certain extent not be enough to push the oil to the surface.
Then the remaining portion is extracted in the well additional ways of extracting oil. They use different techniques in the way of additional oil extraction, to extract oil from reservoirs that carried compressed or say. Sometimes it used pumping Baltalmbat such as continuous pumps, pumps and electrical depths (electrical submersible pumps ESPs) to bring the oil to the surface.
The third phase in the extraction of oil depends on reducing oil viscosity to increase production. And begin this stage when you can not all of the way Alambdih, and additional oil extraction method, but after confirming economic feasibility of using this method, and whether the resulting oil will cover the production costs and expected profits from the well. It also depends on the price of oil at the time, where it is restarting wells that may have stopped working in the case of high oil prices.
Improved methods of extracting oil thermally (Thermally-enhanced oil recovery methods TEOR) is the third way in the ranking of the extraction of oil and oil-based heating and make it easier to extract. Steam injection is the most commonly used techniques in this way, often with are (TEOR) through cogeneration. The idea of cogeneration is used turbine (turbine) gas to produce electricity and use waste heat resulting from it to produce steam, which is injected into the reservoir. This method is used extensively to increase oil production in the valley of St. Joaquin, which contains a high density of oil, which represents approximately 10% of US production. Another technique used in the way (TEOR), which is in-situ burning, and where oil is burned to heat the surrounding oil. And sometimes it is used as detergents to reduce the density of oil. And it is extracted approximately 5 to 15% of the oil at this stage.
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